You should allow enough time to apply for your passport. Depending on the number of years you are applying for, it can take between a couple of weeks and a month. You apply for a passport by writing an application to the police in your municipality. When applying for a passport, you must bring two identical photographs and your old passport or identity card.
Every citizen of a Member State of the European Union has the right to reside temporarily (usually for less than three months) in any EU country. For stays of less than three months in another Member State, a valid passport or identity card is required, but you do not need to apply for a residence permit. If you stay in another Member State for more than three months, you must apply for a residence permit for that period. The following documents are usually required when applying for a residence permit:
- a valid passport
- a certificate confirming that you have been admitted to a course of study
- a certificate from your higher education institution (in English)
- a declaration of sufficient financial resources (e.g. study grant decision, scholarship decision)
- certificate of health insurance (Kela e-forms for EU countries)
- photographs
- a certificate of residence and a medical certificate may also be required
The documents required and the procedures for applying for a residence permit vary somewhat from country to country. In the country of destination, the application for a residence permit is submitted to the relevant authority, usually the police. The application for a residence permit should be submitted within one week of the date of arrival.
If the host country is not an EU/EEA country, the normal procedure is to apply for a residence permit and visa at the embassy of the host country in your home country before you go on exchange. In addition to these documents, other documents may be required, such as a letter of invitation from the host institution.
Visas are not required to study in the EU or EEA, but are required for most non-European countries. Visas are usually applied for at the embassy of the host country in your home country. Students applying for visas and residence permits should have at least a passport, 2-3 photographs, a certificate of enrollment, proof of financial support, and proof of health insurance cover in the country of origin. It is advisable to apply for a visa well in advance, as it can take a few weeks to obtain one. Tour operators and travel agencies are usually very familiar with visa issues. You can also check visa requirements with the embassy of the country you are planning to visit.
Students are responsible for their own passport and visa requirements for studying abroad. If you are staying abroad for more than 3 months, you should check with your embassy well in advance to find out about the residence permit regulations in the country you are studying in!